1) In Hippocrates’ time, depression was thought to result from an excess of __________ from the spleen.
A) yellow bile
B) phlegm
C) blood
D) black bile
E) orange bile
2) _________ coined the term manic-depression and his descriptions formed the basis for the definition of mood disorders today.
A) Hippocrates
B) Kraeplin
C) Burton
D) Cicero
E) Freud
3) Freud and his student Abraham put forward a type of _____________ model of depression, where vulnerability for depression is created by unmet oral needs, and depression is triggered by ___________.
A) biopsyhosocial; uncontrollable stress
B) dual factor; loss of a loved one
C) diathesis-stress; low self-esteem
D) dual factor; low self-esteem
E) diathesis-stress; loss of a loved one
4) Freud’s concept of _________ is analogous to Beck’s notion of ___________.
A) unmet oral needs; jumping to conclusions
B) oedipal fixation; all or nothing thinking
C) imagined loss; magnification / catastrophizing
D) unmet oral needs; overgeneralization
E) imagined loss; jumping to conclusions
5) Of the nine symptoms of MDD, _____ must be present for a diagnosis.
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6
6) Which of the following was mentioned by the text as one of the two important criteria for a diagnosis of a clinical mood disorder?
A) substance abuse
B) chemical imbalance in the brain
C) implications
D) presence of dependent personality disorder
E) duration
7) Relative to other disorders, _______ is rare.
A) unipolar mania
B) bipolar mood disorder
C) unipolar mood disorder
D) major depressive disorder
E) dysthymic disorder
8) __________ refers to a loss of pleasure or interest in almost all activities or a lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable events.
A) Melancholia
B) Libido
C) Dystonia
D) Catatonia
E) Anhedonia
9) Though the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode require that the episode last at least __________, most usually last much longer.
A) 2 days
B) 2 weeks
C) 2 months
D) 4 years
E) 2 years
10) DSM-5 proposes to delete Criterion E of the DSM-IV, which currently excludes depression that is ___________. This proposed change has been highly controversial.
A) due to substance use or abuse
B) due to bereavement, or loss of a loved one
C) due to a medical condition
D) in the context of mixed manic-depressive episodes
E) secondary to losses and changes due to old age
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