11) The scenario of prebiotic evolution leading to the origin of life on Earth is plausible because
A) experiments suggest that all the chemical components of living cells can be formed quickly from inorganic precursors.
B) there was a vast period of time for simple chemicals to evolve into complex molecules found in cells that exist today.
C) it has been observed to occur near thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean.
D) it has been observed under laboratory conditions.
E) it has been observed to occur on other planets.
12) The experiments that demonstrated that meat does not spontaneously generate maggots were conducted by
A) Harold Urey.
B) Francisco Redi.
C) Louis Pasteur.
D) Alexander Oparin.
E) Sidney Altman.
13) The idea that river mud left in the sun will turn into frogs illustrates
A) the endosymbiont theory.
B) prebiotic evolution.
C) spontaneous generation.
D) self-replication.
E) how prokaryotes evolve.
14) Who disproved the “broth-to-microorganisms” hypothesis?
A) Stanley Miller
B) Francisco Redi
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Oparin
E) Sidney Altman
15) Which of the following scientists was part of a pair who first discovered that cellular reactions can be catalyzed by a ribozyme?
A) Stanley Miller
B) Francisco Redi
C) John Tyndall
D) Alexander Oparin
E) Sidney Altman
16) Who is credited with proposing that prebiotic chemical conditions could lead to the evolution of complex molecules and, eventually, to living organisms?
A) Stanley Miller
B) Francisco Redi
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Oparin and John Haldane
E) Sidney Altman
17) One theory holds that the first self-replicating molecules were
A) lipids.
B) amino acids.
C) RNA.
D) carbohydrates.
E) DNA.
18) The oldest fossil organisms presently known have been dated at approximately how many years old?
A) 4.5 billion
B) 3.5 billion
C) 1.7 billion
D) less than 1.7 billion
E) more than 4.5 billion
19) Which is the correct series of events in the evolution of life on Earth?
A) O2 → photosynthesis → aerobic metabolism
B) Aerobic metabolism → photosynthesis → O2
C) O2 → aerobic metabolism → photosynthesis
D) Photosynthesis → O2 → aerobic metabolism
20) Based on current knowledge about the conditions of the early Earth, the first organisms were most likely
A) photosynthetic prokaryotes.
B) photosynthetic eukaryotes.
C) anaerobic prokaryotes.
D) anaerobic eukaryotes.
E) multicellular eukaryotes.
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