21.How did infant rhesus monkeys that were raised with both an artificial “wire mother” and an artificial “cloth mother” respond to these objects?

a.They became attached to the artificial mother that supplied milk.

b.They avoided both mothers except when they were hungry.

c.They would not eat or drink, and soon died.

d.They would cling to the “cloth mother,” especially when they were frightened or startled.

22.Between the ages of _______________, children begin to show separation anxiety.

a.1 to 2 months

b.3 to 5 months

c.6 to 8 months

d.10 to 12 months

23.  In Harlow’s studies with young monkeys, the monkeys were exposed to a wire mother with a bottle and a cloth mother without a bottle. The young monkeys spent their nonfeeding time

a.with the wire mother.

b. with both mothers equally.

c. with the cloth mother.

d. away from both mothers.

24.After greeting her relatives at the airport, Joey’s mother leaves him with his grandma and gets the luggage. Eight-month-old Joey becomes fearful of the stranger holding him and he begins to wail. This distress would be an example of

a.insecure attachment.

b.separation anxiety.

c.avoidant attachment.

d.sensorimotor thinking.

25.Mary Ainsworth devised an experimental method called the Strange Situation in order to determine

a.the nature of gestural communication between mothers and babies.

b.aspects of purposeful exploration as the baby investigates a strange environment.

c.parental discipline styles in the first year of life.

d.the nature of attachment between mothers and babies.

26.Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants

a.do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not seek her out on her return.

b.protest loudly when the mother leaves but resist contact with her when she returns.

c.cry or protest if the mother leaves the room and welcome her back when she returns.

d.are not concerned upon separation, but cry to be picked up and held on her return.

27.If a child throws a tantrum when his or her mother leaves but resists contact with her when she returns, the child’s attachment style would be identified as

a.avoidant.

b.securely attached.

c.resistant.

d.anxious or ambivalent.

28.When Larry’s mother leaves a room, he does not care, and upon her return he makes little effort to seek contact with her. Larry’s attachment style is

a.avoidant.

b.securely attached.

c.aloof.

d.anxious or ambivalent.

29.The two types of insecure attachment, according to Mary Ainsworth, are

a.avoidant attachment and anxious-ambivalent attachment.

b.hostile attachment and withdrawn attachment.

c.anxious attachment and withdrawn attachment.

d.resistant attachment and hostile attachment.

30. Mary Ainsworth believed that insecure attachment results primarily from the way mothers treat their children during the

a.first week of life.

b.first month of life.

c.first year of life.

d.first three years of life.

31.When researchers compared infants who were in child care for varying hours each week, they found that

a.day care has no effect on the security of a child’s attachment.

b.day care significantly impacts the security of a child’s attachment.

c.thirty or more hours per week in day care decreases secure attachment.

d.fifteen or more hours per week in day care decreases secure attachment.

32.Which of the following appears to have a large effect on the security of a child’s attachment?

a.the child’s own genetically influenced temperament

b.time spent in daycare

c.the mother’s sensitivity

d.cultural differences in parenting

33.Which sentence sums up the current understanding about infant attachment?

a.Healthy attachment is becoming increasingly rare.

b.Maternal sensitivity is critical to developing healthy attachment.

c.Normal, healthy attachment will occur within a wide range of cultural, family, and individual variations in child-rearing customs.

d.Parents have no effect on the type of attachment their children form.

34.Anatolie was raised in a substandard orphanage where he was given little attention. He wasn’t adopted until he was 6 years old. Anatolie is ________________ to become securely attached to his adoptive parents compared to a child who did not experience the same level of abandonment and deprivation.

a.no more or less likely

b.slightly more likely

c.much more likely

d.less likely