245) Which of the following is a major source of disease transmission in the world?
245) _____
A) contaminated fomites
B) bodily fluid transmission
C) foodborne transmission
D) waterborne transmission
E) fecal–oral infection
246) Acne is an example of a
246) _____
A) contagious disease.
B) subacute disease.
C) chronic disease.
D) latent disease.
E) noncommunicable disease.
247) In early spring 2009, the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza (“swine flu”) in the United States. By the summer, the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000. The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a(n) ________ disease.
247) _____
A) sporadic
B) epidemic
C) endemic
D) pandemic
E) opportunistic
248) The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases. This means
248) _____
A) 12.43 in every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000.
B) 12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the U.S. in the year 2000.
C) there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000.
D) 12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000.
E) there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000.
249) The index case is the first case of a disease
249) _____
A) transmitted to another individual in a given area or population.
B) in a given area or population in which the patient recovers.
C) in a given area or population resulting in patient death.
D) to be successfully treated in a given area or population.
E) identified in a given area or population.
250) In the wake of the cyclone that hit Myanmar (Southeast Asia) in 2008, there were widespread reports of typhoid fever. Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?
250) _____
A) mosquitoes
B) contaminated water
C) flies
D) contact
E) aerosols
251) Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch’s postulates to study a disease?
251) _____
A) experimental epidemiology
B) systemic epidemiology
C) descriptive epidemiology
D) analytical epidemiology
E) retrospective epidemiology
252) Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.
252) _____
A) fecal–oral
B) droplet
C) direct
D) vector
E) waterborne
253) Fomites are
253) _____
A) silent carriers of infectious diseases.
B) inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens.
C) animal sources for human pathogens.
D) fecal material from infected hosts.
E) insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host.
254) Which of the following pairings of microbe and disease was disproven using Koch’s postulates?
254) _____
A) Varicella–zoster virus and chickenpox
B) HIV and AIDS
C) Hepatitis B and D and liver cancer
D) Haemophilus influenzae and the flu
E) Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy
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