31) Compared to non-immigrant youth, immigrant youth in Canada have

A) the same rates of participation in religious organizations.

B) lower rates of participation in all activities outside the home.

C) lower rates of participation in religious organizations.

D) higher rates of participation in religious organizations.

32) During adolescence, the Big Five personality traits coalesce with components of the teen’s understanding of him/herself to form clusters that can be used to predict

A) antisocial behaviour.

B) mental illness.

C) sexual orientation.

D) vocational preferences.

33) Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of an internal locus of control?

A) Kim worries constantly about the responsibilities in her life and wonders how she will accomplish her obligations.

B) Edward has avoided the problem of choosing a college to attend because he dreads getting rejection letters.

C) Loretta believes she failed physics because she lacked the mathematics ability to understand the concepts.

D) Emanuel attributes his failing grade in chemistry to “bad luck.”

34) Which of the following characteristics is associated with an external locus of control in adolescents?

A) extroversion

B) high academic performance

C) high self-esteem

D) avoidant coping strategies

35) According to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, at the preconventional stage, a child’s moral reasoning is based on

A) the expectations of others regarding the child’s behaviour.

B) internalized values and principles.

C) the outcome or consequences of an action.

D) how the greatest good can be achieved.

36) At Kohlberg’s ______ level of moral reasoning, the standards the child uses to judge right and wrong are external, based on superior sources of authority, and determined by the outcome or consequences.

A) universal ethics

B) conventional morality

C) preconventional morality

D) principled morality

37) Which of the stages of moral reasoning listed below is most commonly found among teenagers?

A) Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience Orientation

B) Stage 3: Mutual Interpersonal Expectations, Relationships, and Interpersonal Conformity

C) Stage 5: Social Contract or Utility and Individual Rights

D) Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

38) At level I of Kolberg’s stages of moral development, preconventional morality, judgments are based on

A) compliance with superior power.

B) the notion of retaliation.

C) the greatest good for the greatest number.

D) the expectations of others.

39) Young adolescents use which of the options listed below to reason things through?

A) Sometimes everyone is right.

B) God will decide right and wrong.

C) Follow the legal determination of right and wrong.

D) Follow the opinion of an authority figure.

40) Ben’s friend Muhammed broke a window and consequently was punished. Ben said that Muhammed was bad because he had been punished. This would indicate that Ben was at Kohlberg’s ________ stage of moral reasoning.

A) conventional morality/interpersonal conformity

B) preconventional morality/punishment and obedience orientation

C) preconventional morality/conscience

D) principled morality/social contract