71) A neuropeptide that functions as a natural analgesic is _____.
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) endorphin
D) nitric oxide
E) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
72) The amino acid that operates at most inhibitory synapses in the brain is _____.
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) endorphin
D) nitric oxide
E) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
73) The botulinum toxin, which causes botulism, reduces the synaptic release of _____.
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) endorphin
D) nitric oxide
E) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
74) Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?
A) the nuclear membrane
B) the nodes of Ranvier
C) the postsynaptic membrane
D) synaptic vesicle membranes
E) the myelin sheath
75) Which of the following is a direct result of depolarizing the presynaptic membrane of an axon terminal?
A) Voltage-gated calcium channels in the membrane open.
B) Synaptic vesicles fuse with the membrane.
C) The postsynaptic cell produces an action potential.
D) Ligand-gated channels open, allowing neurotransmitters to enter the synaptic cleft.
E) An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) or inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is generated in the postsynaptic cell.
76) Muscle cells are stimulated by neurotransmitters released from the synaptic terminals of _____.
A) T tubules
B) motor neuron axons
C) sensory neuron axons
D) motor neuron dendrites
E) sensory neuron dendrites
77) How could you increase the magnitude of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) generated at a synapse?
A) increase sodium-potassium pump activity
B) increase K+ permeability
C) increase the influx of calcium
D) All of the listed responses are correct.
78) Which of the following manipulations would reduce the release of neurotransmitter from a presynaptic neuron terminal?
I)reduction in extracellular calcium ion concentration at the axon terminal
II)increase in extracellular sodium and potassium ion concentrations at the axon terminal
III)addition of tetrodotoxin to the extracellular fluid at the axon terminal
A) only I
B) only II
C) only III
D) only II and III
E) only I and II
79) What happens if twice as many inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) as excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) arrive at a postsynaptic neuron in close proximity?
A) A stronger action potential results.
B) A weaker action potential results.
C) No action potential results.
80) In a synapse, a neurotransmitter is released _____.
A) in response to an action potential depolarizing the presynaptic membrane
B) when threshold potential is reached
C) when enough voltage-gated sodium channels open to release calcium into the synapse
D) through gap junctions joining the synaptic membranes
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