MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. An 8-week-old infant presents to his pediatrician for a well-baby checkup. Physical exam reveals a murmur and an echocardiogram confirms a ventricular septal defect. Which of the following genetic factors should the nurse assess for as it would most likely accompany this diagnosis?
a.Huntington disease
b.Color blindness
c.Down syndrome
d.Hemophilia
2. A newborn child is diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot. What symptoms would the nurse expect to observe in the child?
a.High-pitched cry and dyspnea
b.Cyanosis and hypoxia
c.Leg pain and twitching
d.Epistaxis and anemia
3. A newborn is diagnosed with congenital heart disease. Which of the following intrauterine factors should the nurse focus on during the history that could have caused this disorder?
a.Diabetes
b.Alcohol exposure
c.Viral infection
d.Dextroamphetamine
4. When a staff member asks what coarctation of the aorta is, how should the nurse respond? Coarctation of the aorta is the local narrowing of the aorta near the:
a.Aortic valve
b.Ductus arteriosus
c.Diaphragm
d.Bifurcation into the common iliac arteries
5. A newborn is suspected of having coarctation of the aorta. Which of the following assessments would aid in diagnosis?
a.Cyanosis
b.Bounding pedal pulses
c.Cool arms
d.Weak or absent femoral pulses
6. A 1-month-old infant visits his primary care provider for a well-baby check. Physical exam reveals decreased cardiac output, hypotension, tachycardia, and a loud murmur suggestive of aortic stenosis. Which of the following would be expected with this diagnosis?
a.Atrial dilation
b.Ventricular hypertrophy
c.Atrial rigidity
d.Decreased contractility
7. A newborn develops a murmur and cyanosis shortly after birth. She is diagnosed with pulmonic stenosis (PS) after an echocardiogram revealed narrowing of the pulmonary:
a.Tree
b.Artery
c.Valve orifice
d.Vein
8. When a staff member asks what the patent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery in a fetus is called, how should the nurse reply? It is the:
a.Foramen ovale
b.Sinus venosus
c.Ductus arteriosus
d.Septal defect
9. A 2-week-old infant presents with poor feeding, fatigue, dyspnea, and a murmur. She is diagnosed with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). A nurse recalls this condition results in a(n):
a.Decreased pulmonary blood flow
b.Right-to-left shunt
c.Left-to-right shunt
d.Increased systemic blood flow
10. An infant undergoes an echocardiogram for a suspected heart defect. Tests reveal an opening in the middle of the atrial septum. What term would the nurse use to describe this defect?
a.Ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD)
b.Ostium secundum ASD
c.Sinus venosus ASD
d.Eisenmenger syndrome
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