MULTIPLE CHOICE.  Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) Order the following in order of increasing wound bioburden.

A) Infection, contamination, colonization. B) Contamination, infection, colonization.

C) Contamination, colonization, infection. D) Colonization, contamination, infection.

2) All of the following increase the risk of infection EXCEPT:

A) ischemia. B) steroid use.

C) presence of granulation tissue. D) malnutrition.

3) Which of the following is a potential sign of infection?

A) Periwound erythema that is proportional to the size and extent of the wound.

B) A decline in wound status.

C) Lower extremity edema in a patient with congestive heart failure and a pressure injury.

D) All of the above.

4) Which of the following statements about biofilms is true?

A) MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a form of biofilm.

B) Biofilms are likely to develop resistant organisms.

C) Because biofilms respond predictably to antibiotics, they are considered to be beneficial.

D) Biofilms are free-living organisms that reside within body tissues.

5) Which of the following is considered the gold standard for identifying a wound infection?

A) Tissue biopsy.  B) Swab culture.

C) Fluid aspiration. D) Blood test.

6) Which of the following best completes the statement? Anaerobic bacteria ________.

A) can only survive in an oxygen-rich environment

B) are a form of fungi

C) are frequently found in wounds that tunnel

D) A and B

7) Which of the following organisms would be killed by an antifungal agent?

A) Candida. B) Streptococcus aureus.

C) Staphylococcus aureus. D) B and C.

8) Community-acquired MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is becoming more common in all of the following populations EXCEPT:

A) athletes in contact sports.

B) individuals who travel frequently to third world countries.

C) military personnel.

D) A and B.

9) Which of the following statements regarding silver is correct?

A) Silver dressings cost about the same as traditional dressings.

B) Slow-releasing silver agents maintain their antimicrobial properties for up to seven days.

C) Silver-containing roll-gauzes are effective in combating wound infections even when not used as the contact layer.

D) Because resistance to silver is common, its use in wound care is limited.

10) Which of the following best completes the statement? Antiseptic agents ________.

A) include agents such as triple antibiotic and polysporin powder

B) should be used as the first line of defense to combat wound infections

C) can be used to reduce bacterial concentrations on intact skin

D) are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, FDA, for use on full-thickness pressure injuries

11) All of the following are examples of topical antimicrobials EXCEPT:

A) gentamicin.  B) bacitracin.

C) silver sulfadiazine cream. D) first-aid cream.

12) Which of the following best completes the statement? Antibiotics ________.

A) can be administered orally or intravenously

B) should be prescribed routinely to prevent wound infections

C) have minimal and infrequent side effects

D) can be ordered by physical therapists but not by physical therapist assistants

13) Debridement can be used to prevent and to treat a wound infection.

A) True. B) False.

14) Which of the following are effective in preventing wound infections?

A) Standard precautions.

B) Hand washing.

C) Keeping wounds covered with dressings.

D) All of the above.

15) Which of the following situations would require the use of sterile technique?

A) Bandaging a patient with a large abdominal wound with gauze packing.

B) Debridement of a partial-thickness burn that measures 4 cm × 5 cm.

C) Performance of a dressing change by a family member in a home care setting.

D) All of the above.